The oldest resident of the Earth was a young microbia and an exceptional genome

Scientists have studied the genetics and lifestyle factors that allowed the cattle of Maria Branjas Morner to live to a record 117 years.

From January 17, 2023 to August 19, 2024, Maria Branyas Sawri from Spain was officially considered the oldest resident of the planet, until she died at the age of 117 and 168 days. To reveal the secrets of her extraordinary longevity, a group of researchers spent thorough analysis its genetics, microbiots and lifestyle, published in Cell Reports Medicine.

When the sea was 116 years old, the team collected samples of her blood, saliva and chair for genetic analysis.

“She had an exceptional genome, enriched by the options for genes, which are associated with an increase in life expectancy of other species, such as dogs, worms and flies,” says Professor Manel Estelier from the Lukemia Research Institute, Josep Carreras in Barrlon.

According to him, Minera did not have signs of dementia, but there were many genetic options that support the low level of blood lipids, protecting the heart and cognitive functions.

“At the same time, she had no genetic options associated with the risk of pathologies such as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease and metabolic disorders,” the specialist adds.

A blood test showed that its lipid metabolism was one of the most effective in the history of research, the professor emphasizes: “Her lipid profile was amazing, with a very low cholesterol level. This is due to its moderate nutrition and genes that quickly metabolize harmful molecules. ”

Estelier emphasizes that Sawra did not drink alcohol and did not smoke, adhered to the Mediterranean diet consisting of a large number of vegetables, fruits, legumes and olive oil. She also ate three portions of simple yogurt without sugar every day.

Until old age, the long -liver retained an effective immune system and intestinal microbiota, characteristic of much younger age.

One of the most “amazing” discoveries was the high content of bacteria Actinobacteriota in her intestines, including a well -known probiotic Bifidobacterium. Typically, their number is reduced with age, but it is increased in long -livers and super -long -lived, and it is believed that this has many anti -aging advantages, such as a decrease in inflammation.

According to researchers, the consumption of yogurt helped to constantly replenish the supply of bifidobacteria. “This shows that dietary intervention can be associated not only with the prevention of obesity and other pathologies, but also with the extension of life, acting through the intestinal microbia,” Estelier notes.

Finally, by epigenetic hours based on DNA methylation, scientists appreciated how much the biological age of the Morcera was different from the passport.

“Her biological age was on average 23 years less chronological, which became one of the reasons why it was alive,” the researcher said.

Previous studies suggest that super-long-lived can have genetic options associated with various diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease or heart problems, but in some way these lucky ones are able to overcome them.

“Very little research is available for super -long -lived. In (previous) studies, only one dimension is studied, for example, with a microbiom. Our study shows that overcoming such diseases is a combination of good genes plus other factors: a useful microbiot, a slow biological age shown by a younger epigenoma, and an effective immune system, plus the behavioral part – the refusal of smoking, alcohol, a low fat diet, etc., ”summarizes Astelier

This is an extensive study with many tests – but only one person, and therefore there is a “danger that a slightly unusual option, for example, in the gene, can be turned into a scientific“ bike ”about his connection with aging,” Professor Richard from Brighton University in England warned.

According to him, there are two main explanations of super-life: “Firstly, they have something special, for example, genetics, and, secondly, the mistake of the survivor-that is, they were simply lucky.”

To prove that the longevity of Minera is not just luck, it is necessary to confirm that her other relatives lived for a long time, but they are not in this study, he concluded.

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